3 Rules of Architecture and How to Win the Big Prize

On the back of the Pritzker medallion are three words: Firmness, Commodity, and Delight. These rules of architecture define the prestigious Pritzker Architecture Prize, considered the highest honor that a living architect can attain. According to the Hyatt Foundation which administers the Prize, these three rules recall the principles set down by the ancient Roman architect Marcus Vitruvius Pollio: firmitas, utilitas, venustas. Vitruvius described the need for architecture to be well-built, useful by serving a purpose, and beautiful to look at. These are the same three principles that Pritzker juries apply to todays architects. Did You Know? The Pritzker, or Pritzker Architecture Prize, is an international award given each year to a living architect who, in the opinion of a select jury, has made profound achievements in the world of architecture. Laureates of the Pritzker Architecture Prize receive $100,000, a certificate, and a bronze medallion. The Pritzker Prize was established in 1979 by Jay A. Pritzker (1922-1999) and his wife Cindy Pritzker. The Pritzkers made a fortune by founding the Hyatt hotel chain. The Prize is funded through the familys Hyatt Foundation. Vitruvius famous multi-volume De Architectura, written around 10 B.C. explores the role of geometry in architecture and outlines the need to build all kinds of structures for all classes of people. Vitruvius rules are sometimes translated this way:   All these must be built with due reference to durability, convenience, and beauty. Durability will be assured when foundations are carried down to the solid ground and materials wisely and liberally selected; convenience, when the arrangement of the apartments is faultless and presents no hindrance to use, and when each class of building is assigned to its suitable and appropriate exposure; and beauty, when the appearance of the work is pleasing and in good taste, and when its members are in due proportion according to correct principles of symmetry. — De Architectura, Book I, Chapter III, Paragraph 2 Firmness, Commodity, and Delight Who would have guessed that in 2014 the most prestigious award in architecture would go to an architect who was not a celebrity—Shigeru Ban. The same thing happened in 2016 when Chilean architect Alejandro Aravena received the architecture prize. Could the Pritzker jury be telling us something about the three rules of architecture? Like the 2013 Pritzker Laureate, Toyo Ito, Ban has been an architect of healing, designing sustainable housing for Japans earthquake and tsunami victims. Ban also has circled the globe providing relief after natural disasters in Rwanda, Turkey, India, China, Italy, Haiti, and New Zealand. Aravena does the same in South America. The 2014 Pritzker Jury said of Ban that His sense of responsibility and positive action to create architecture of quality to serve societys needs, combined with his original approach to these humanitarian challenges, make this years winner an exemplary professional. Before Ban, Aravena, and Ito came the first Chinese recipient, Wang Shu, in 2012. At a time when Chinas cities were choking in over-urbanization, Shu continued to defy his countrys quick-build attitude of over-industrialization. Instead, Shu insisted that his countrys future could become modernized while tethered to its traditions. Using recycled materials, said the 2012 Pritzker Citation, he is able to send several messages on the careful use of resources and respect for tradition and context as well as give a frank appraisal of technology and the quality of construction today, particularly in China. By awarding architectures highest honor to these three men, what is the Pritzker jury trying to tell the world? How to Win a Pritzker Prize In choosing Ban, Ito, Aravena, and Shu, the Pritzker juries are reasserting old values for a new generation. The Tokyo-born Ban was only 56 years old when he won. Wang Shu and Alejandro Aravena were only 48. Certainly not household names, these architects have undertaken a variety of projects both commercial and noncommercial. Shu has been a scholar and teacher of historic preservation and renovation. Bans humanitarian projects include his ingenious use of common, recyclable materials, like cardboard paper tubes for columns, to quickly construct dignified shelters for victims of disasters. After the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, Ban helped bring order to a devastated community by building the Hualin Elementary School from cardboard tubes. On a larger scale, Bans 2012 design for a cardboard cathedral gave a New Zealand community a beautiful temporary structure expected to last 50 years while the community rebuilds its cathedral, decimated by the 2011 Christchurch earthquake. Ban sees the beauty of carboard concrete tube forms; he also started the trend for reusing shipping containers as residential properties. Being named a Pritzker Architecture Prize Laureate establishes these men in history as some of the most influential architects of modern times. Like many middle-aged architects, their careers are just beginning. Architecture is not a get rich quick pursuit, and for many the riches never materialize. The Pritzker Architecture Prize seems to be recognizing the architect who isnt seeking celebrity, but who follows ancient tradition — the architects duty, as defined by Vitruvius — to create architecture of quality to serve societys needs. Thats how to win a Pritzker Prize in the 21st century. Sources Commodity and Delight by Andrew Ryan Gleeson, The Lying Truth (blog), July 8, 2010, https://thelyingtruthofarchitecture.wordpress.com/2010/07/08/commodity-and-delight/Jury Citation, Shigeru Ban, 2014, The Hyatt Foundation, http://www.pritzkerprize.com/2014/jury-citation [accessed August 2, 2014]Jury Citation, Wang Shu, 2012, The Hyatt Foundation, http://www.pritzkerprize.com/2012/jury-citation[accessed August 2, 2014]Ceremony and Medal, The Hyatt Foundation at http://www.pritzkerprize.com/about/ceremony [accessed August 2, 2014]The Ten Books on Architecture by Marcus Vitruvius Pollio, translated by Morris Hicky Morgan, Harvard University Press, 1914, http://www.gutenberg.org/files/20239/20239-h/29239-h.htm [accessed August 2, 2014]FAQ, Hyatt Foundation,  https://www.pritzkerprize.com/FAQ  [accessed February 15, 2018]Pritzker medalion image courtesy of the Hyatt Foundation

Essay on Two Part of the United States Reconstruction Era

In the United States’ history, the Reconstruction Era had two senses. From 1865 to 1877 was the first, which involved the post Civil War action. The second sense, focused on the transformation of the Southern United States from 1863 to 1877 with the Congress directing the issue of reconstruction of state and society (â€Å"Reconstruction Era†). Frederick Jackson Turner argued that the frontier was the chief determinant in American history (â€Å"Frederick Jackson Turner†). Both the Reconstruction impact and Frederick Jackson Turner’s thesis play a role in the environment during the Economic Revolution. Reconstruction took placed in the South from 1865 to 1880. It impacted the United States’ history by holding the South back economically behind the†¦show more content†¦Reconstruction had achieved much despite its obvious weaknesses. Schools that were built to provide education for both blacks and poor whites, the roads constructed, the protection given to life, an property were all indeed major achievements of the government (Pink Monkey). Frederick Jackson Turner had a thesis that also provided the environment for the Economic Revolution. He thesis accounted for why the people of America and the American government were so divergent from their European equivalents. There were many people that believed that the frontier’s end symbolized the start of a new stage in American life. These people also believed that America must expand over seas. There were others that had views of this exposition as the drive for a â€Å"new wave in the history of Untied States imperialism† (Frontier Thesis). A man named William Appleman Williams, who led the â€Å"Wisconsin School† of diplomatic historians, argued that the frontier thesis encouraged American expansion overseas. Williams had viewed Turner’s frontier thesis as a way to influence action against totalitarianism, advocate democracy through both of the world wars, and affirm the spending on foreign aid. However, Frederick Jackson Turner’s thesis, in comparison to Theodore Roosevelt’s work, The Winning of the West, a greater emphasis was placed not on territorial subjugation, but on the evolution of American republicanism (Frontier Thesis). Hispanics and Native Americans wanted to focus endowment onShow MoreRelatedThe Reconstruction Era And The Jim Crow Era1525 Words   |  7 PagesThe Reconstruction Era and The Jim Crow Era were both times of Rapid growth in the United States that were characterized by changes not only on the intrapersonal level, but also on the cultural and legislative level. The Reconstruction Era occurred directly after the civil war and spanned twelve years from 1865 to 1877 , while the Jim Crow Era occurred from 1877 to 1954. 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Case Study Wheelworks Free Essays

Running head: Case Study: Wheelworks Case Study: Wheelworks Principle of Management After analyzing Wheelworks’ compensation and benefits structure, I have found that this organization meets every need demanded by its employees and motivates them in every level. When it comes to needs and motivations, there are two commonly used theories that explain each step. One of the most commonly used theories to explain the levels of needs and motivators is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. We will write a custom essay sample on Case Study: Wheelworks or any similar topic only for you Order Now The other commonly used theory when explaining levels of needs and motivations is Herzberg’s Two  Factor Theory. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Starting at the bottom with physiological needs and moving upwards to safety, love/belongings, esteem, and eventually reaching self-actualization, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is often shown as a five level pyramid. Wheelworks meet its employee’s first need, Physiological needs, just by paying them a salary. When Wheelworks pays its employees, it allows each employee to buy food, water, and pay for a shelter and clothing to maintain a constant body temperature. This first need on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is essential and without it, humans would not be able to survive. Wheelworks meet Maslow second need, safety, by providing its employees with benefits such as health insurance, bonuses, and 401k plans. Because of the plans that Wheelworks offer its employees, areas such as financial security and health and well being are covered. Love and belongings, the third level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, is also covered by Wheelworks. Humans need to feel that they belong and are loved. Due to the positive atmosphere that Wheelworks offers, its employees feel loved and like they belong to the group. Due to this, Wheelworks also meets Maslow’s third need. The forth level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is esteem. Wheelworks also cover this level by recognizing its employees for its qualities. By recognizing each of its employee’s qualities, Wheelworks helps them build a stronger self-esteem and self-respect, covering the forth Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. The fifth nd last level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is self-actualization. This level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs has been already reached by Wheelworks employees because of their love for the sport of cycling. Many of Wheelworks employees are highly educated and have better opportunities in other companies, but their love for cycling keeps them working at Wheelworks helping them reach Maslow’s need of self- actualization. Herzberg’s Two  Factor Theory U nlike Maslow’s five level hierarchy of needs, Herzberg’s theory has only focuses in two factors. Herzberg believed that there is a two-step approach to understanding employee motivation and satisfaction. These two steps are the hygiene factors and the motivator factors. Hygiene factors consist of the need to for a business to avoid unpleasantness at work. † If these factors are considered inadequate by employees, then they can cause dissatisfaction with work  Ã¢â‚¬Å"(tutor2u. net). Wheelworks meet the hygiene factor by providing a good salary, pleasant work environment, and health and 401k plans. These factors are not taken in account when one measures satisfaction, but the absence of these will cause dissatisfaction. The motivator factor is based on an individual’s need for personal growth. Wheelworks meet this factor by recognizing its employee’s qualities, challenging them, and giving them responsibilities. By doing this, Wheelworks employees stay motivated achieving above-average performance and effort. Number One Motivator Having a passion for the sport of cycling has become Wheelworks’ employees’ number one motivator. Many times, one would think that salary, health benefits, and good working conditions would rank high when it comes to job motivation, but without love of the work itself, all of these benefits would not be enough to motivate one’s employees. The main reason Wheelworks’ employees perform above-average and put an extra effort to do the job better is because their love for the sport of cycling. As long as Wheelworks provide its employees with the hygiene and motivator factors, its employees will stay motivated. Financial Rewards Even though that passion for the sport of cycling has become Wheelworks’ employees’ number one motivator, financial rewards also helps motivate them. One of the many ways that Wheelworks motivates its employees financially is by paying them the highest possible wage. By doing this, Wheelworks makes sure that its employees are well paid motivating them to stay within the company. Another method that Wheelworks uses to financially reward its employees is by offering vacation and sick pay, 401k, profit chairing, and health plan. By offering these benefits, Wheelworks ensures that its employees feel well taken care of resulting in a motivated staff. The last financial reward that Wheelworks uses to motivate its employees is giving them seasonal bonuses. Each bonus is subject to how good the company does during the season. Due to this, each employee is motivated to improve its performance which will eventually result in a bigger bonus. Commission One of the best strategies that Wheelworks has used to motivate its sale persons, but yet, maintain a superior customer services is giving seasonal bonuses instead of commission. Due to this strategy, Wheelworks customers receives a superior customer crevice and do not feel pressured to buy an expensive bike. This strategy also improves team work instead of having a constant competition among team members. Even though this strategy has worked greatly for Wheelworks, it could be improved. One way Wheelworks could improve its number of units sold is by giving a reward to the person that averages more units sold per hour in a week. For example, the person that averages the most units sold per week could choose one day to leave early and get paid for the whole day. Rewards like this one could significantly increase the number of units sold increasing the yearly revenue of Wheelworks. Works Cited (n. d. ). Retrieved April 10, 2010, from tutor2u. net: http://tutor2u. net/business/people/motivation_theory_herzberg. asp Janet A. Simons, D. B. (1987). Retrieved April 10, 2010, from honolulu. hawaii. edu: http://honolulu. hawaii. edu/intranet/committees/FacDevCom/guidebk/teachtip/maslow. htm W. Griffin, R. (2007). Management. Houghton Mifflin. Wheelworks_part1. (n. d. ). Retrieved April 10, 2010, from How to cite Case Study: Wheelworks, Free Case study samples

Same Sex Marriage free essay sample

Position Paper: Same-sex Marriage Adam and Steve Chorva. Tarush. Anetch. Imbey. Sounds familiar? Well, if you have Filipino gay friends you would be. The Filipino gay lingo or the swardspeak is made up of English, Tagalog, Japanese, Spanish, and even celebrity names that were tweaked to create a new word with a new meaning. In the country, there are two types of gays, the effeminate and the straight acting gays. The effeminate are those who cross-dress, wears make-up and are feminine in their ways thus the name effeminate. The other one is the straight acting gays, these are those choose to look manly even with their sexual preference. This type of gays even goes to the gym to have muscular bodies. On the other hand, for the lesbians, they are called â€Å"butch† and pink lesbians. The butch are those manly lesbians, they sport men’s haircut and they are also cross-dressers. We will write a custom essay sample on Same Sex Marriage or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page While the pink lesbians are like the straight gays, they choose and prefer to look feminine despite their sexual preference. In addition to the gays and lesbians, there are also the transgender and transsexual. In the Filipino language, there is what we call â€Å"paglaladlad ng kapa† or unfurling of the cape in English. This is the phase wherein a person displays and publicly shows his sexual preference. Biblically speaking, God made Adam and Eve to be together to multiply and create children. Today, what if it is no longer just Adam and Eve only anymore? Same sex union has been a source of debate all over the world for the past years. Sadly there is a growing stigma in this debate against gay marriage here in the Philippines, the country as being the only Catholic country in Asia and a third world country at that. Clearly this topic has been one of the most complicated and sensitive topic in the country without a hope of a clear end in sight. Same-sex union borders the line of religion, law, and social ethics. There are several reasons as to why this marriage could not be legalized yet. Top reasons are as follow: * Immorality â€Å"For this reason a man shall leave his father and mother and be joined to his wife, and the two shall become one flesh. So then, they are no longer two but one flesh. Therefore what God has joined together, let not man separate. – Mathew 19:5 6 (NKJV) The above passage was from the Bible clearly states that marriage is for a man and a woman only. Whenever the Bible mentions marriage, it is between a male and a female. The first mention of marriage,  Genesis 2:24, describes it as a man leaving his parents and being united to his wife. In passages that contain instructions regarding marriage, such as  1 Corinthians 7:2-16  and  Ephesians 5:23-33, the B ible clearly identifies marriage as being between a man and a woman. Biblically speaking, marriage is the lifetime union of a man n nand a woman, primarily for the purpose of building a family and providing a stable environment for that family. * Procreation and family Gay marriage causes the whole concept of family values to be undermined by defeating the essence of marriage, which is between a man and a woman with the purpose of procreation. The rationale of marriage, in its greater sense is to procreate. With this, extending marriage to same sex union not only defeats its purpose but also shifts further the objective of marriage from producing children to legal gratification. Legalizing gay marriage further demoralizes the family values, which hold society together, and it encourages a gay lifestyle, which has been shown to be detrimental to people. Additionally, gay marriages confuse gender roles for children. It has always been the standard structure of a â€Å"normal† family to have a mother, who is biologically female, and a father, who is biologically male. Having parents of the same-sex causes confusion even if they were married. However, if marriage were about reproduction, then infertile couples should not be allowed to marry. Ability or desire to create offspring has never been a qualification for marriage. And it should never be. If we are going to narrow the definition of marriage to being intended for this purpose, we should apply the principal to our population as a whole, not single out one group of people. * Being gay is a disease that can be cured Can anybody call in sick because he is still queer? No. Simply because queerness is not a disease nor is it just a phase. Being homosexual or gay is not a choice as much as being a heterosexual or straight is not a choice. Sexual preference is not a conscious decision people make, it just evolved. People are born differently from each other, and being different is not synonymous to being wrong. There is perfectly nothing wrong with being gay. One is born with this. Just like being blonde, tall, or cross-eyed. We do not hold being gay against them, and more importantly it is not a disease that one can be cured of. Homosexuality is a normal part of nature and may well occur through biological factors, rather than any sort of lifestyle choice. Allowing gay marriage would not cause harm to either individuals, or society generally. Second-Class Citizens Gays around the world were treated like second-class citizens, without the same rights, without belongingness to neither of the two sexes. They were mistreated, trash-talked, and discriminated in ways more than one. Through the legalization of same-sex marriage, they won’t feel like second-class citizens anymore. They would enjoy the same legal rights as with the heterosexual couples. Why legalize this union, let me ask you, why not? Below are my top three reasons why we should legalize this union: * Marriage is a civil right We are all well aware of the voice of the Church in the issues in the Philippine society. And let’s admit it, their voice is pretty loud. The Church strongly condemns same-sex relationships and its union. However, let us not forget that marriage is not a religious right, it is also a civil right. Gay people should have the same rights as anyone else and that includes the right to get married. Gay couples should be allowed to have the same financial and legal benefits that any other couples get. If two people love each other, they should be allowed to marry, whatever their genders. Matters such as tax filling, joint ownership of property, insurance benefits, critical medical decisions were privileges gay couples could not enjoy. It is clearly unfair and unjust for gay couples to not have these rights only because their country doesn’t honor their union. Nothing is asked by the LGBT community but equality when it comes to legal rights. * Equality Equality in this issue taps two major points. First is that gay couples has the same equal competency to rear children as their own. Being gay is not a handicap to raise a family. There is no scientific basis for the assertion that lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender persons are not fit to marry or to become parents of healthy and well-adjusted children (Herek, 2006; Kurdek, 2004; Peplau Fingerhut, 2007). Homosexual discrimination has been a vicious pattern. Legalizing same-sex marriage is giving the right of marriage to both heterosexual and homosexual unions and having them treated as equals in the eyes of the law. Majority rules, but the minority should be protected. Love Why could Britney Spears get married and get divorced after two days, yet a gay couple could not get married after being together for 10 years?